Results (
Vietnamese) 1:
[Copy]Copied!
Although there are exceptions, most Middle Eastern as well as West and South Asian smuggling networks have a loose but predictable hierarchical structure.
Only rarely does one person control the entire process outside his or her own immediate network. Depending on the smuggling method and route, migrant smuggling from Afghanistan, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, and Sri Lanka is a multi- stage process involving several groups of smugglers who cooperate from the point of origin to the final destination. Although the same ethnic background is often shared by smugglers and smuggled migrants (e.g., Afghans), some stages and services are outsourced to local smugglers (e.g., Indonesians)
in the transit countries. They are responsible for arranging travel documents, accommodation, and travel, including boat departures for Australia and Canada. Reputation, too, is important. Prospective migrants screen for dependable smugglers, relying on word of mouth for recommendations.
The networks involved in smuggling Tamils from Sri Lanka to Australia and Canada are somewhat different because they are closely linked to the LTTE. The LTTE remains listed as a terrorist organisation under Canadian law, but not Australian law. The rebel separatist network is reportedly engaged in additional illegal activities, ranging from the skimming of credit cards to drug trafficking and maritime piracy.40 Most smuggling clients are Tamils.
However, authorities suggest that facilitators also extend their services to other nationalities, especially those from elsewhere in South Asia who tend to use similar routes.41 Sri Lankan smuggling networks also are involved in the falsification of documents. Again, clients are mainly Tamils, but other criminal
groups and individuals outside the Tamil community will, at times, use their services.42
Being translated, please wait..
