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Indonesian) 1:
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Brainstem: Opioid receptors influence respiration, cough, nausea and vomiting, blood pressure, pupillary diameter, and control of stomach secretions. • Medial thalamus: This area mediates deep pain that is poorly localized and emotionally influenced. • Spinal cord: Receptors in the substantia gelatinosa are involved with the receipt and integration of incoming sensory information, leading to the attenuation of painful afferent stimuli. • Hypothalamus: Receptors here affect neuroendocrine secretion. • Limbic system: The greatest concentration of opiate receptors in the limbic system is located in the amygdala. These receptors probably do not exert analgesic action, but they may influence emotional behavior. • Periphery: Opioids also bind to peripheral sensory nerve fibers and their terminals. As in the CNS, they inhibit Ca2+dependent release of excitatory, proinflammatory substances (for example, substance P) from these nerve endings. • Immune cells: Opioid-binding sites have also been found on immune cells. The role of these receptors in nociception (response or sensitivity to painful stimuli) has not been determined Reseptor Opioid• Mu Morphine-like supraspinal analgesia, respiratory and physical depression, miosis, reduced
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