PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
In the hypertensive patient many factors moderate the vasomotor and vasoconstrictor responses such as anxiety and fear.
Sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the blood vessels in response to emotional stimuli is stimulation of the adrenal gland .
The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine which causes vasoconstriction. Vasoconstriction results in reduced blood flow to the kidney, causing the release of rennin. this stimulate secretion of aldosteron by the adrenal cortex .this hormone promote sodium and water by the kidney tubules, causing and increase in intravascular volume.
All of these factors tend to perpetuate the hypertensive state .
Condition also affects about two million teens and children. according to a some 70% million adult in the united states are affected by hypertension .the report issued by the center for disease control and prevention (CDC)in September 2012 .over half more Americans with hypertension do not have their high blood pressure under control.