Results (
Thai) 2:
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Perceived level of respondent optimism was captured using an instrument developed by
Scheier and Carver (1985). No modifications to the instrument were made. Reported reliabilities
have been .76 or higher for the instrument (Scheier & Carver, 1985). Respondents selected their
inherent level of optimism according to 10 statements on a Likert-type scale. Four of the 10
statements were filler items and were not included in any subsequent calculations, “filler items
were included in order to disguise (somewhat) the underlying purpose of the test” (Scheier &
Carver, 1985 p. 224). The scale ranged from 1 – Strongly Disagree, 2 – Disagree, 3 – Neutral, 4
– Agree, 5 – Strongly agree. Three of the six included statements were posed in the negative and
were reverse coded for data analysis purposes.
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