Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are nowa

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are nowadays promising candidates for seismic engineering applications because of their ability to undergo reversible deformations and to dissipate energy when subjected to cyclic loading. This paper presents an experimental study of the cyclic performance of extended end-plate connections connected using SMA bolts instead of normal high strength bolts in the connections. The basic concept is to concentrate the earthquake-induced deformation into the connection, such that a ‘superelastic’ hinge can be formed via the elongation of the SMA bolts. Eight full-scale tests were conducted including seven extended end-plateconnections with SMA bolts and one conventional extended end-plate connection with normal high strength bolts. The SMA connection specimens were shown to have excellent recentring abilities and moderate energy dissipation capability with an equivalent viscous damping up to 17.5%. The stiffness and strength of these connec-tions mainly fell into the semi-rigid and partial-strength categories, respectively. The ductility, which was governed by SMA bolt rupture, was found to be dependent on the net threaded-to-shank area ratio of the bolts, where a lower ratio led to earlier bolt fracture over the net threaded cross-section. On the other hand,
the conventional extended end-plate connection with High Strength bolts was shown to have good energy dissipation capability and ductility but with considerable permanent deformation. To enable a further understanding of the SMA connections, preliminary numerical models were established and validated by the test results.Based on the results of the tests and the numerical investigations, preliminary design considerations for such connections are given.

Results (Chinese Traditional) 1:

形狀記憶合金 (Sma) 是當今承諾候選人為地震工程應用，因為他們有能力接受可逆變形和耗散能量迴圈荷載作用下的時候。本文提出了外伸的端板連接而不正常的高強度螺栓的連接中使用 SMA 螺栓連接的迴圈性能的實驗研究。基本概念是集中地震變形進入連接，這樣可以通過形成一個 '彈性' 的鉸鏈螺栓伸長的 SMA。包括七個擴展的結束 plateconnections 與 SMA 螺栓和一個常規外伸的端板連接正常的高強度螺栓進行了八個足尺試驗。SMA 連接標本均表現有微幅的優秀能力和適度耗能能力與等效粘性阻尼達 17.5%。剛度和強度的這些進出口聯接主要分別下跌半剛性和局部強度分為。延性，由形狀記憶合金螺栓斷裂，被發現對面積淨螺紋柄螺栓，在一個較低的比率導致早些時候在淨螺紋截面螺栓斷裂的依賴。另一方面傳統的外伸的端板連接高強度螺栓被證明有很好的能量耗散能力和延性但相當多的永久變形。要啟用進一步瞭解 SMA 連接，初步數值模型被建立，測試結果驗證了。基於試驗和數值類比的結果，給出了這樣的連接的初步設計注意事項。

Results (Chinese Traditional) 2:

形狀記憶合金（形狀記憶合金）都是時下有前途的，因為他們的經歷可逆的變形，當循環荷載消散能量的能力抗震工程應用的候選人。本文介紹了採用SMA螺栓代替普通高強螺栓連接擴展連接的端板連接的循環性能的實驗研究 ​​。的基本概念是將地震而引起的變形集中到該連接，使得一個“超彈性”鉸鏈可以通過在SMA螺栓的伸長而形成。八全尺寸試驗進行了包括7個擴展最終plateconnections與SMA螺栓和正常高強度螺栓一種傳統的延伸端板連接。將SMA連接標本顯示出具有優良recentring能力和適度的能量耗散能力用等效粘性阻尼高達17.5％。這些分別CONNEC件取的剛度和強度，主要落到了半剛性和部分強度類別。延展性，其通過SMA ​​螺栓斷裂管轄，被認為是依賴於淨螺栓螺紋到柄面積比，其中較低比率導致更早螺栓斷裂過網螺紋橫截面。另一方面，
高強度的螺栓常規擴展端板連接被示出為具有良好的能量耗散能力和延展性，但具有相當的永久變形。以使SMA連接器的進一步的理解，初步的數值模型，建立和results.Based上測試和數值調查的結果的試驗驗證，對於這種連接初步設計考慮中給出。