The lack of economic independence contributes to women’s inability to protect themselves against harm or injury from violence and to effectively remove themselves from intense relationships (UNICEF 2002a, pp. 7-8). Violence, lack of economic resources and dependence, are linked in a vicious cycle. UNICEF (2000a) also found that threats and fear of violence inhibits women from pursuing employment outside the home and instead limits them to lower-paid, exploitative or domestic positions. As a consequence women lack economic independence, and are unable to remove themselves from an abusive relationship. As Levinson (1989, p. 89 cited in WHO 2010, p. 25) found “wife beating occurs more often in societies in which men have economic and decision-making power in the household, where women do not have easy access to divorce, and where adults routinely resort to violence to resolve their conflicts”. Conversely, as UNICEF (2000a) reports, in some societies men perceive the increased capacity for women to participate in the economy and enjoy independence as a threat, especially where the man is unemployed, has a lower status job, lower salary and where he feels his power is undermined in the household.