– In an alternative approach, as opposed to the one described
above, particles are binned separately at each point in time
to μ slots. Average values are then taken for all particles in a
given μ slot, thereby obtaining Dμμ(μ, t) as a function of pitch
angle and time. In principle, both Eqs. (2b) and (3) should
be interchangeable. In practice, however, it turns out that the
derivative is considerably more volatile, while Eq. (3) yields
reasonable results even for a moderate number of particles.