Data Assessment
Parental history of alcohol use disorder. Parental history of AUD was determined as “yes,” “no,” or “don’t know” by face-to-face personal interviews with the following questions: “Has your blood or natural father been an alcoholic or problem drinker at any time in his life?” and “Has your blood or natural mother been an alcoholic or problem drinker at any time in her life?” For these questions, an alcoholic or problem drinker was defined and explained to participants by interviewers as follows: “By alcoholic or problem drinker, I mean a person who has physical or emotional problems because of drinking; problems with a spouse, family, or friends because of drinking; problems at work or school because of drinking; problems with the police because of drinking—like drunk driving; or a person who seems to spend a lot of time drinking or being hungover.” The reliability of AUDADIS parental history variables is good to excellent.24,25