GO was synthesized from natural gra

GO was synthesized from natural graphite
powder (325 mesh, GAK-2, Ukraine) by the method of Hum-
mers and Offeman.18 It was found that, prior to the GO
preparation according to ref 18, an additional graphite oxida-
tion procedure was needed. Otherwise, incompletely oxidized
graphite-core/GO-shell particles were always observed in the
final product. The graphite powder (20 g) was put into an 80
°C solution of concentrated H2SO4 (30 mL), K2S2O8 (10 g), and
P2O5 (10 g). The resultant dark blue mixture was thermally
isolated and allowed to cool to room temperature over a period
of 6 h. The mixture was then carefully diluted with distilled
water, filtered, and washed on the filter until the rinse water
pH became neutral. The product was dried in air at ambient
temperature overnight. This preoxidized graphite was then
subjected to oxidation by Hummers’ method. The oxidized
graphite powder (20 g) was put into cold (0 °C) concentrated
H2SO4 (460 mL). KMnO4 (60 g) was added gradually with
stirring and cooling, so that the temperature of the mixture
was not allowed to reach 20 °C. The mixture was then stirred
at 35 °C for 2 h, and distilled water (920 mL) was added. In
15 min, the reaction was terminated by the addition of a large
amount of distilled water (2.8 L) and 30% H2O2 solution (50
mL), after which the color of the mixture changed to bright
yellow. The mixture was filtered and washed with 1:10 HCl
solution (5 L) in order to remove metal ions. The GO product
was suspended in distilled water to give a viscous, brown, 2%
dispersion, which was subjected to dialysis to completely
remove metal ions and acids. The resulting 0.5% w/v GO
dispersion, which is stable for a period of years, was used to
prepare exfoliated GO.

Results (English) 3:

去是合成天然石墨
（325目，gak-2，乌克兰）的方法哼-
MERS和offeman.18它是发现，，之前去
制备根据REF 18，需要一个额外的石墨氧化
程序粉。否则，不完全氧化的-石墨芯/去壳颗粒中总是观察到的。石墨粉末（20克）被放置到一个80的°C溶液浓硫酸（30毫升），过硫酸钾（10克），和
P2O5（10克）。将所得的暗蓝色的混合物是热
分离允许冷却至室温在一段
6 h的混合物是然后仔细稀释蒸馏
水，过滤，洗涤过滤，直到冲洗水、pH值变得中性。该产品在空气中干燥，在室温下过夜。这种预氧化石墨进行
受到Hummers氧化。氧化
石墨粉（20克）放入冷（0°C）集中
H2SO4（460毫升）。高锰酸钾（60克）是增加逐渐
搅拌和冷却，使温度混合
不允许达到20°C.混合物然后搅拌
在35°C 2 H，添加蒸馏水（920 ml）。在15分钟内，反应被终止，通过加入蒸馏水（2.8升）和30%过氧化氢溶液（50
毫升），之后的混合物颜色变亮黄色的
。
量大混合物过滤，
1:10盐酸溶液洗涤（5 L）为了除去金属离子。在蒸馏水中悬浮的产品，给一个粘性，棕色，2%的色散，对完全去除金属离子和酸进行透析的。结果0.5% w/v去
分散，这是稳定的一年，是用来准备去
脱落。