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the catalyst for the destruction of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) under
visible light irradiation ( > 420 nm). They considered that the electrostatic
interactions between MC-LR and the N–F-codoped TiO2
favored the photocatalytic degradation, and cooperation effects
induced by codoping with nitrogen and fluorine are responsible
for higher photocatalytic activity [18]. The boron and nitrogen
codoped TiO2 were prepared by Xing et al., using a novel double
hydrothermal method. All of the codoped compounds had higher
photocatalytic activities for MO degradation than single element
doped TiO2. Density functional theory simulations were used to
investigate the B–N synergistic effect, indicating that the B–N synergistic
effect at the (1 0 1) surface could largely reduce the band
gap, improving the photoactivity under visible light [19]. N and La
co-doped nanocrystalline titania photocatalysts showing excellent
photodegradation of Rhodamine B were prepared in a homogeneous
precipitation-hydrothermal process by Cong et al. They
considered that the probable mechanism was a synergistic effect
of co-doping. The nitrogen doping could narrow the band gap of
titania and enhance the utilization efficiency of visible light, while
the La3 doping could accelerate the separation of photo-generated
electrons and holes [20]. Wu et al. prepared nanoparticles of TiO2
modified with carbon and iron by sol–gel followed solvothermal
method at low temperature. Superior photocatalytic activity of TiO2
modified with carbon and iron was observed for the decomposition
of acid orange 7 (AO7) under visible light irradiation. The synergistic
effects of carbon and iron in modified TiO2 nanoparticles were
responsible for improving visible light photocatalytic activity [21].
The sol–gel process and solvothermal method have been widely
used to synthesize TiO2-based photocatalyst. The incorporation of
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