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Development of the fruit body is monovelangiocarpic, which is to say the primordial structure is protected by a veil covering the outside of the fruit body, without an inner veil. Veil remnants may be conspicuous and persistent forming a large membranous or floccose annulus on the stem and scales on the cap surface or hanging patches on the cap edge, or remnants may be fleeting and best seen in young specimens, often filamentous or cortinate remnants form sparse ring zones on the stem or leave traces on the cap margin and edge.The cap surface is composed of thin-walled, filamentous, hyaline walled but often pigment encrusted septate hyphae with clamp connections, frequently imbedded in a gelatinous layer, in some species and groups of species the surface hyphae are bundled and somewhat erect to form hairy scales, or tangled to create a plush surface over a repent filamentous background layer. In some there is also a subcellular layer of shortened and inflated hyphae beneath a layer of repent strands.The gills are sinuate or adnexed to adnate, or adnate and slightly decurrent onto stipe, often the gill edges are fringed and pale or whitish. The tissue in the gills is regular, being composed of more or less parallel filamentous thin walled hyphae with septae and clamp connections.Differentiated sterile cells or cheilocystidia are present and often abundant on the gill edges. Cystidia on the gill faces called pleurocystidia are either absent or scattered to abundant. Cystidia are often in the form of chrysocystidia, which are specialized and usually large-bodied cystidia containing irregular bodies of yellowish material in alkaline solutions such as KOH or NaOH.Spores are pigmented brown to rusty brown to purplish brown or lilac brown to blackish in deposit, smooth or rarely slightly roughened, the spore wall is thick, deeply pigmented and differentiated into two layers, the endosporium and episporium. The episporium or outer layer is discontinuous at the top of the spore (the end of spore furthest from the attachment to the basidium, the distal end.), this forms a more or less distinct "germ pore" and sometimes the end of the spore appears truncate or chopped off, at other times there is a mere thinning of the spore wall in optical section. The proximal end of the spore has a distinct hilar appendage or apiculus, the bump or snout by which the spore was attached to sterigmata of the basidium.
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