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Corporate audiences are also found to construct the social responsibility of firms by interpreting information signals about the firms’ various monitors in general, and the firms’ risk-return profiles in particular (Karpik & Belkaoui, 1989; Riahi- Belkaoui, 1991; Ullmann, 1985). This reliance on accounting information in general and earnings in particular in the corporate audiences’ corporate responsibility building process is utilized to formulate the second hypothesis. The second major hypothesis postulates that managers’ accounting choices are systematically related to the level of corporate social responsibility in an attempt to influence corporate audiences’ assessment of the firm’s social involvement. Basically, an established level of corporate social responsibility acts as an implicit rather than explicitcontractual restriction imposed on managers. If a high level of social responsibility is built on the basis of higher earnings, managers may be more aggressive in the determination of accounting accruals and the magnitude of discretionary accrual adjustments is predictably and positively related to the level of corporate social responsibility
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