The remainder of this chapter is divided into four sections. The first looks briefly at local government models in Pakistan before 2001 all creations of military regimes. This is necessary if one is to distinguish the DOPP from previous waves of local government reform. The following sections then explore the DOPP of 2001-09 to examine what was new compared with previous attempts at decentralisation, and analyses some of the social factors evident in the two local government elections(2001 and 2005) which were a hallmark of the DOPP The final section reviews the experience of the DOPP, looks at the current situation and future prospects, and draws some general conclusions. government. Although Pakistan is a federation, Ahwoi’s thesis seems to apply.