A high-torque, insulated electric m

A high-torque, insulated electric motor, usually rated at 250–750 W (⅓ to 1 horsepower) for a domestic unit, spins a circular turntable mounted horizontally above it. Induction motors rotate at 1,400–1,800 RPM and have a range of starting torques, depending on the method of starting used. The added weight and size of induction motors may be of concern, depending on the available installation space and construction of the sink bowl. Universal motors rotate at higher speeds (about 2,800 rpm), have high starting torque, and are usually lighter, but are noisier than induction motors, partially due to the higher speeds and partially because the commutator brushes rub on the slotted commutator.[22][23] Contaminated water leaking on to the commutator can lead to major damage, which is why most garbage disposals today use induction motors. The higher starting torque of those appliances with a permanent magnet motor ensures in most cases that there will be no blockage.

Inside the grinding chamber there is a rotating metal turntable onto which the food waste drops. Two swiveling metal impellers mounted on top of the plate near the edge then fling the food waste against the grind ring repeatedly. Grooves in the grind ring break down the waste until it is small enough to pass through openings in the ring, whereupon it is flushed down the drain.

Usually, there is a partial rubber closure on the top of the disposal unit to prevent food waste from flying back up out of the grinding chamber. It may also be used to attenuate noise from the grinding chamber for quieter operation. Many high-end or commercial disposals have additional blades attached beneath the turntable. The purpose of these blades is to chop up waste that would otherwise bypass the grind ring (primary stage) and clog the pipework.[citation needed]

There are two main types of garbage disposals — continuous feed and batch feed. Continuous feed models are used by feeding in waste after being started and are more common. Batch feed units are used by placing waste inside the unit before being started. These types of units are started by placing a specially designed cover over the opening and twisting it to allow magnets in the cover to align with magnets in the unit. Because it is covered during operation, it is quieter than continuous feed models. Small slits in the cover allow water to flow through. Batch feed models are also safer, since the top of the disposal is covered during operation, preventing foreign objects from falling in.[24]

Waste disposal units may jam, but can usually be cleared either by forcing the turntable round from above or by turning the motor using a hex-key wrench inserted into the motor shaft from below.[25] Very hard objects accidentally or deliberately introduced, such as metal cutlery, can damage the waste disposal unit and become damaged themselves, although recent advances have been made to minimize such damage. More problematic are drain blockages caused by shredded waste that is fibrous, e.g., artichoke leaves, or starchy, e.g., potato peelings.

Some higher-end units have an automatic reversing jam clearing feature. By using a slightly more-complicated centrifugal starting switch, the split-phase motor rotates in the opposite direction from the previous run each time it is started. This can clear minor jams, but is claimed to be unnecessary by some manufacturers: Since the late 1970s most disposal units have swivel impellers which make reversing unnecessary.[26]

Some other kinds of garbage disposal units are powered by water pressure, rather than electricity. Instead of the turntable and grind ring described above, this alternative design has a water-powered unit with an oscillating piston with blades attached to chop the waste into fine pieces.[27] Because of this cutting action, they can handle fibrous waste. Water-powered units take longer than electric ones for a given amount of waste and need fairly high water pressure to function properly.

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高扭矩电机，绝缘，通常额定250–750 W（⅓1马力）为国产机组，旋转的圆形转盘水平安装上面。感应电机在1400转1800转，并有一系列的起动转矩，根据开始使用的方法。感应电机的附加重量和尺寸可能是值得关注的，根据可用的安装空间和建设的水槽碗。通用汽车在更高的速度旋转（约2800转），具有高起动转矩，通常较轻，但也比感应电机，部分是由于更高的速度和部分由于换向器刷擦上开槽整流子。[ 22 ] [ 23 ]污染的水泄漏到换向器可以导致重大的损害，这就是为什么大多数垃圾处置今天使用的感应电动机。在大多数情况下，这些设备的起动转矩越大，在大多数情况下，没有阻塞。两旋转金属叶轮安装在顶部边缘附近的板，然后把反对食品浪费的反复磨环。在磨环槽分解废物直到它足够小，通过在环的开口，于是就冲进下水道了。

通常，在处置单元的顶部有一个部分橡胶封闭，以防止食物废物从研磨腔中飞回。它也可以用来衰减噪声的研磨室，为安静的操作。许多高端或商业处置具有额外的桨叶下方的转盘。这些叶片的目的是把废物，否则将绕过磨环（初级阶段）和堵塞管道。[引文需要]

主要有两种类型的垃圾处理器-连续进料和进料批。连续的进料模型是在垃圾处理后用的，而且是比较常见的。批给进料装置在启动前将废物放在单位内。这些类型的单位开始放置一个专门设计的盖在开幕式和扭转它允许磁铁在盖与磁铁对齐单位。因为它覆盖在操作过程中，它是安静的比连续的饲料模型。盖上的小缝隙允许水流通过。批量进料模型也更安全，因为在操作过程中覆盖的顶部，防止外来物下降，[ 24 ]，[ ]的废物处置单位可能堵塞，但通常可以清除通过迫使转盘轮从上面或由转动电机使用一个十六进制键插入从下面的电机轴。25非常硬的物品，不小心或故意地介绍，如金属餐具，可以损害废物处理单元，并成为损坏自己，虽然最近的进展已经取得了最大限度地减少这种损害。更多的问题是由切碎废物造成的漏堵塞是纤维，例如，朝鲜蓟叶，或淀粉类，例如，

土豆皮。一些更高的终端设备具有自动倒车功能。通过使用一个稍微复杂的离心起动开关，分相电机在相反方向旋转，从先前的运行每一次，它是开始。这可以明显的轻微拥堵，但声称是不必要的一些制造商：自上世纪70年代末以来最处置单位有旋转叶轮使换向不必要的。[ 26 ]

垃圾处置单位的一些其他种类的水压力为动力的，而不是电。而不是转盘和研磨环上面描述的，这种替代设计具有水动力装置与一个振动活塞与刀片连接到把废成细件。[ 27 ]由于这种切割作用，它们可以处理纤维废物。水力发电的单位需要较长的时间比电的浪费，需要相当高的水压力，功能正常。