Alcohol use disorder in offspring. To be classified with lifetime AUD, participants (ie, offspring) were required to have alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, or both at any time during their lives. Diagnosis of alcohol abuse required at least 1 of the 4 abuse criteria. Diagnosis of alcohol dependence required at least 3 of the 7 dependence criteria in any 12-month period. Diagnoses of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence were made with the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule–DSM-IV Version (AUDADIS-IV),26 which was developed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV).27 The AUDADIS-IV has shown to be reliable and valid for the diagnosis of alcohol use disorder.24,25