In the first study, the NPD patients showed poorer mindreading than the patients without PDand comparable to patients with other PDs. Symptomatic subjective distress in the narcissisticgroup was less severe than in the other PDs group and comparable to the group withoutPDs. However, no relationship emerged between mindreading and symptomaticsubjective distress. In the second study, taking the clinical sample as a whole, symptomaticdistress appeared negatively linked to grandiosity traits, while mindreading scores werenegatively linked to empathy.