A crossover design is a repeated measurements design such that each ex translation - A crossover design is a repeated measurements design such that each ex Chinese how to say

A crossover design is a repeated me

A crossover design is a repeated measurements design such that each experimental unit (patient) receives different treatments during the different time periods, i.e., the patients cross over from one treatment to another during the course of the trial. This is in contrast to a parallel design in which patients are randomized to a treatment and remain on that treatment throughout the duration of the trial.

The reason to consider a crossover design when planning a clinical trial is that it could yield a more efficient comparison of treatments than a parallel design, i.e., fewer patients might be required in the crossover design in order to attain the same level of statistical power or precision as a parallel design.(This will become more evident later in this lesson...) Intuitively, this seems reasonable because each patient serves as his/her own matched control. Every patient receives both treatment A and B. Crossover designs are popular in medicine, agriculture, manufacturing, education, and many other disciplines. A comparison is made of the subject's response on A vs. B.

Although the concept of patients serving as their own controls is very appealing to biomedical investigators, crossover designs are not preferred routinely because of the problems that are inherent with this design. In medical clinical trials the disease should be chronic and stable, and the treatments should not result in total cures but only alleviate the disease condition. If treatment A cures the patient during the first period, then treatment B will not have the opportunity to demonstrate its effectiveness when the patient crosses over to treatment B in the second period. Therefore this type of design works only for those conditions that are chronic, such as asthma where there is no cure and the treatments attempt to improve quality of life
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交叉设计是重复的测量设计,这样每个实验单元 (病人) 在不同的时间段,即接收不同的治疗方法,病人跨越从这种治疗到另一个审判过程。这是与患者被随机分配接受治疗和留在整个审判期间处理的并行设计。交叉设计规划时要考虑一项临床试验的原因是,它即可以产生治疗比并行的设计,更有效地比较,在交叉设计,以达到同一水平的统计力量或精度作为一个并行的设计可能需要较少的患者。(这将变得更明显后来在这个课......)直观地说,这看起来合理,因为每个患者都可作为其自身对照。每个病人接受两种治疗 A 和 B.交叉设计是流行在医学、 农业、 制造业、 教育和许多其他学科。作比较,A 与 b 的主体的响应虽然病人作为自己的控件的概念是对生物医学调查人员很有吸引力,交叉设计并非首选经常由于所固有的这种设计的问题。医学临床试验在疾病应该是慢性和稳定,和治疗不应导致总治愈但只能缓解病情。如果 A 治疗治愈病人在第一个期间,然后处理 B 不会有机会来证明其有效性,当病人对治疗 B 的第二个时期跨越。因此这种类型的设计只适合慢性病,如哮喘没有治愈方法,治疗方法尝试改善生活质量的那些条件
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交叉设计是重复测量设计,使得每个实验单位(患者)在不同的时间段接受不同的治疗方法,即病人跨越从一个处理到另一个审判过程中。这是相对于一个平行设计,其中患者随机处理并保持在整个试验的持续时间的治疗。之所以规划临床试验时考虑交叉设计是,它可能会产生一种更有效的对比治疗比平行设计,即更少的患者可能需要在交叉设计,以实现统计力量和精确度的相同水平的并行设计。(这将变得更加明显在本课的后面......)直观上,这似乎是合理的,因为每个病人用作他/她自己匹配的对照。每个病人接受两个治疗A和B分频设计是在医药,农业,制造业,教育等众多学科的青睐。比较是由对A对B的受试者的反应虽然作为自己的控制患者的概念是非常有吸引力的生物医学研究人员,因为这是固有的这种设计的问题,交叉设计也没有惯常首选。在医学临床试验中的病应慢性和稳定的,并且在治疗不应导致总固化但只能缓解疾病状况。如果治疗治愈在第一期的病人,然后处理B将不会有机会来证明其有效性时,病人跨越到B处理的第二个时期。因此这种类型的设计仅适用于那些慢性疾病,如哮喘,其中没有治疗和处理试图提高生活质量



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交叉设计是一个重复测量设计,使得每个实验单元(病人)在不同的时间段,即接受不同的治疗,即,在试验过程中,从一个治疗的患者交叉。这是在一个平行的设计,患者被随机分配到治疗,并保持在整个过程中的试验的时间。的原因,考虑交叉设计时,规划的临床试验,它可以产生一个更有效的治疗比一个平行的设计,即,在交叉设计中,为了达到同一水平的统计能力或精确的并行设计,需要较少的患者(这将在本课更为明显),这似乎是合理的,因为每个病人都可以作为自己的匹配控制。每一个病人都接受两种治疗,交叉设计在医学上很流行,农业、制造业、教育和许多其他学科。一个比较的主题的反应,对一个与B的,虽然作为他们自己的控制的患者的概念是非常有吸引力的生物医学研究,交叉设计是不经常的,因为这是固有的问题,这设计的问题。在医学临床试验中,这种疾病应该是慢性的、稳定的,而治疗不应该导致完全的治疗,但只有缓解疾病的情况。在第一阶段,如果治疗一个病人的治疗,那么治疗乙将没有机会,以证明其有效性时,患者在第二期的治疗乙。因此,这种类型的设计作品只适用于这些条件,是慢性的,如哮喘,那里没有治疗和治疗,以提高生活质量
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