Post-production losses of fruits an

Post-production losses of fruits and vegetables are high in many developing economies. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit are particularly difficult to handle after harvest. In Senegal, field-to-market transport alone induces sufficient mechanical damage to reduce marketable produce by 30%. This mechanical damage to fruit is attributable to a number of causes, including but are not limited to: poor packaging, inadequate boxes, crates or baskets, stressful transport conditions, poor road conditions and long traffic delays which prevent the produce reaching markets within a reasonable time.
In investigating a solution for the post-harvest losses of mango due to mechanical damage, this study took into account the different causes in order to minimize losses during both transport and packaging steps. Mechanical properties of Luffa (Luffa aegyptiaca Mill.), a vegetable sponge that grows naturally in Senegal was examined and a luffa sponge box was designed. Box height took into account the dimensions of the fruit of three mango cultivars (cvs. „Kent,‟ „Keitt‟ and „Haden‟), while the other dimensions followed the ISO 3394 standard for rigid rectangular boxes. The luffa sponge box was tested in the laboratory for compression and stacking strength and produced results for practical use.
A box-making-tool was also designed to both reduce the time needed to make the box and increase its quality and appeal. The supply of luffa sponge in Senegal was examined during a field research trip and an estimate of the cost of producing a luffa sponge box in the Senegalese context was established.

Results (English) 2:

水果和蔬菜生产后的损失在许多发展中经济体高。芒果（Mangifera indica L.）果实采后特别难处理的。在塞内加尔，外地市场的运输单独诱导减少30%的商品产生足够的机械损伤。本机械损伤的果实是由于一系列的原因，包括但不限于：可怜的包装盒，不足，板条箱或篮子，紧张的运输条件，恶劣的道路条件和长期的交通延误防止产生深远的市场，在合理的时间内。
在调查由于机械损伤的芒果收获后损失的解决方案，这项研究考虑不同的原因，为减少损失在运输和包装步骤。丝瓜的机械性能（圆筒丝瓜。），一个丝瓜，自然生长在塞内加尔的研究和设计了一种丝瓜海绵盒。框的高度考虑三个芒果品种果实的尺寸（CVS。„肯特，‟„基特‟和„海登‟），而其他尺寸遵循ISO 3394标准的刚性矩形框。丝瓜海绵方块是压缩和堆码强度的实验室测试和生产的实际使用效果。
也是一个盒制作工具的设计既减少需要使箱和增加其质量和吸引力的时间。塞内加尔丝瓜络的供应过程中的研究与生产之旅在塞内加尔的背景下丝瓜络箱的成本估计成立。