There are five stages in programmin

There are five stages in programming. First, the computations to be
performed must be clearly and precisely defined. The over-all plan of the
computations is diagrammed by means of a so called flow chart. The
second stage is the actual coding. It is often best to write a code in terms of
a symbolic language first, for then changes are easily made. Numbers are
assigned to the symbols, and the final code is prepared. In the third stage
some procedure is used to get the code into the memory of the computer.
The fourth stage consists in debugging the code, i.e. detecting and
correcting any errors. The fifth, and the final stage, involves running the
code on the computer and tabulating the results. In fact, it is well known
that a single error in one instruction invalidates the entire code. Hence,
programming is a technique requiring attention to details without loosing
sight of the over-all plan.
Flow chart is a diagram, or picture, of a code that is often helpful for
visualizing interrelationship between various parts of a code. Such a
diagram is almost always made before the specific instructions are written.
There are essentially three kinds of symbols used in a flow chart. The first represents function calculations, the second represents
decisions and the various associated alternatives, the third, called a variable
connector, is simply a way to eliminate too many crossing lines in the
picture or to indicate which lines to follow when one has to continue the
diagram on another page.
Symbolic Coding Aids. It is another intermediate aid between the
statement of the problem and the final code. Symbolic coding consists in
writing a code not in terms of specific numerical addresses, but rather in
terms of some name description or other symbolism to represent the
addresses. Then at a later time, specific addresses can be assigned for these
symbols, or names, to produce the actual code. The intermediate code in
terms or symbols is called the symbolic code. This technique is extremely
useful particularly in those cases where one must write instructions
involving addresses of constants or of other instructions that have not yet
been specially assigned.

Results (English) 3:

程序设计有五个阶段。首先，计算执行必须清楚和精确的定义。对所有计划的计算出的一个所谓的流程图。这个第二阶段是实际编码。最好是写一个代码的条款首先是一种象征性的语言，因为这样的变化很容易。数字分配到符号，并编写最终代码。在第三阶段一些程序用来将代码放入计算机的存储器中。第四阶段包括调试代码，即检测和纠正任何错误。第五，和最后阶段，涉及运行代码的计算机和制表的结果。事实上，这是众所周知的在一个指令一个错误无效的全部代码。因此，编程是一种需要关注细节而不丢失细节的技术看到了所有的计划。流程图是一个经常有帮助的代码的图表或图片可视化代码的各个部分之间的相互关系。这样的一个图表几乎总是在特定的指令被写之前。流程图中使用的符号基本上有三种。第一个表示函数计算，第二个表示决定和各种相关的替代方案，第三，被称为一个变量连接器，是一种简单的方法，以消除太多的交叉线在画或显示哪条线在一个必须继续的时候另一页上的图表。符号编码辅助。它是另一种中间的援助问题声明和最终代码。符号编码包含写一个代码，而不是在特定的数字地址，而是在一些名称描述或其他象征意义的术语地址。然后在以后的时间，特定的地址可以被分配给这些符号，或名称，以产生实际的代码。中间代码术语或符号被称为符号代码。这种技术是非常有用的，特别是在那些情况下，必须写说明涉及尚未包含的常数或其他指令的地址被特别指定。