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The level of payment per household was based on estimatedopportunity costs (foregone income) from providing therequired service, namely a reduction in forest resourcecollection. We based this estimate on Masozera & Alvapati(2004), who calculated the average annual forest-basedincome for a household living near Nyungwe National Parkto be USD 30 (range: USD 2–76). Two annual cashpayments were or will be awarded (in January 2011 and2012) based on performance in relation to conditionsoutlined in the contract. An initial goodwill payment (1/3 ofthe maximum amount) was disbursed to each cell in April2010 and was intended to enable communities to invest inactivities that would help them adhere to the contractconditions.
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