Continued drinking despite adverse

Continued drinking despite adverse consequences constitutes an alcohol-use
disorder4 (Table 1). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth
edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR), differentiates abuse from dependence,4 but recent
research suggests that they represent one disorder, which the proposed taxonomy
for the DSM-5 would consolidate into a single spectrum.9 At the severe end
of the spectrum, chronic, severe dependence is a recurring brain disorder characterized
by loss of control over drinking, drinking despite harm, daily or neardaily
drinking, a compulsion to drink (“craving”), tolerance, withdrawal, and
substantial disability.

Results (English) 3:

尽管持续饮用不良后果是酒精使用
disorder4（表1）。和心理疾病的诊断统计手册，第四
版，文本修订（DSM-IV-TR），区分滥用从依赖，但最近的研究表明，4
他们代表了一种障碍，并提出的分类
为DSM-5将整合成一个单一的谱。9在光谱，严重
慢性，严重的依赖是一种反复出现的大脑紊乱，
通过控制饮酒的损失，尽管危害饮用，每日或neardaily
饮用，强迫喝（“渴望”），宽容，退出，并
严重残疾。