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6. Genetic characteristics of commercial cane sugar6.1. Genetic parameters affecting gain from selectionThe rate at which genetic gains may be made from selection for a trait in any breeding program can be predicted from simple formulae (Falconer and Mackay, 1996). These formulae show that gain from selection is affected by the following parameters: (i) the level genetic variation (s2g) in the population(s) being selected from, (ii) the heritability of the traitconcerned, and (iii) its genetic correlation with other traits that are concurrently selected for. In considering gains from selection in sugarcane breeding programs,two levels of genetic variance and hence heritability need to be considered (Hogarth, 1987). First,following the generation of seedlings from crossing,sugarcane genotypes may be selected and then vegetatively propagated as clones. Clonal selection can exploit all genetic variance, and hence heritability in the broad sense, s2g=s2p is appropriate to use in predicting gains from selection, where (s2p) is the total phenotypic variance including genetic, genotype environment and error variance. By contrast, in considering gains from parent selection for a new cycle of crossing, only a proportion of total genetic variance among clones, termed the additive variance component (s2a) can be exploited, and heritability in the narrow sense s2a=s2p is appropriate for predicting gains.
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