K I: This type is mainly encountered in deserts and periglacial zones. It is characterized by impure carbonitic
sinkholes, uniform rockheads, minor fissures, and low secondary permeability. Caves are rare and small and
some isolated relict featuresare present.
K II: This type is encountered in low temperate regions. It is characterized by small suffusion or dropout
sinkholes, open stream sinks, and numeroussmall fissures.Fissures are widespread in the few meters closest
to thesurface.Caves are many and small with sizesless than 3m across.
K III: This type is mainly encountered in temperate regions in the wet tropics. It is characterized by many
suffusion and dropout sinkholes, large dissolutionsinkholes, small collapsesand buried sinkholes,extensive
fissuring, reliefsless than 5m, loose blocks in cover soils, and extensive secondary openings of most fissures.
Caves are many with sizesless than 5m across at multiple levels.
K IV: This type is mainly encountered in normal tropical regions. It is characterized by many large dissolution
sinkholes, numerous subsidence sinkholes, scattered collapse and buried sinkholes, pinnacles(with geological