Instruction that is presented in this way helps students to understand that each
example of a phrase is an instance of the general structure of the target phrase. The
textbook explanations that address simple sentence patterns do provide appropriate
analyses of those grammatical properties, albeit differently than presented here. However,
it is the understanding of phrase structures and the direct link between sentence structures
and phrases in the mind of the learner that is critical for understanding and responding to
practical expressions, including applications for TOEIC (see discussion in 2.2). After
receiving this type of grammar instruction, students should be able to integrate separate
pieces of knowledge about different categories into a unified knowledge of phrase
structure.