В повести «Ваш покорный слуга кот»

В повести «Ваш покорный слуга кот» подвергаются осмеянию и утилитаризм, и буддийское учение «о духовном прозрении», попадает и старому конфуцианству, достается и академической лженауке. В погоне за докторской степенью, которая обеспечивает академический пост и положение в обществе, молодой ученый целыми днями вытачивает стеклянные шарики, иначе говоря, переливает из пустого в порожнее. Диссертации пишутся о цикадах (возникает даже целая наука – цикадология), о влиянии ультрафиолетовых лучей на электрические процессы, происходящие в глазном яблоке лягушки, – о чем угодно, лишь бы получить докторский диплом. Ученый доклад «Механика повешенья» пародирует схоластику, процветавшую в университете. Нацумэ Сосэки посвятил вопросу о докторском дипломе несколько статей, в которых он выступал против ложного академизма. Именно по этому вопросу он вступил в резкий конфликт с университетским начальством и отказался от своей должности: неслыханный в то время поступок!

Большое место в книге занимают литературные пародии. Пародируются главным образом сочинения романтиков, например популярного в то время Идзуми Кёка (1873–1939). Мистик и фантаст, Кёка сочинял рассказы, в которых потусторонний мир вторгается в область реального, и не замечал при этом, что делается вокруг; у него «крабы вылезали из-подо льда».

Насмешник Кангэцу сочиняет пространный рассказ в духе романтиков. Друзья в роли «Серапионовых братьев» Гофмана все время перебивают его ироническими комментариями. Как и полагается романтику, герой «не любил оживленных мест и с умыслом избегал комфортабельные города»... Он бежит от них в пустынные леса и горы, в безлюдную деревню... То есть она была бы безлюдной, если бы в ней не помещался колледж...

В другом пародийном рассказе герой скитается в пустынных горах и встречает красавицу, – распространенный романтический сюжет. Любовь загорается внезапно: «Я проснулся наутро, и тут приключилась несчастная любовь»... Увы, мечты разбиты: красавица оказалась лысой!

В своей повести Нацумэ Сосэки действует как могильщик романтизма, но сам он и после этого продолжает еще писать в романтической манере. Недаром он говорит, что ведет борьбу прежде всего с самим собой.

Повесть кончается грустно: убирая шлак и мусор, писатель не знал, что же можно построить на расчищенном месте. Классовая ограниченность мешала ему увидеть положительные силы, способные стать строителями будущего общества.

«Ваш покорный слуга кот» прославил имя автора. Газеты жадно искали новые, свежие таланты. Нацумэ Сосэки поступил на службу в крупнейшую токийскую газету «Асахи»; он решился на такой шаг не ради наживы: платили мало, но благодаря газете он смог общаться с массовым читателем. В жизни писатель вовсе не был таким затворником, каким он рисует своего героя – учителя Кусями. Сосэки очень любил молодежь. В своих произведениях он часто рисовал образы молодых людей Японии. У него было много учеников, молодежь охотно собиралась на знаменитые четверги в доме писателя. Среди его учеников были такие первоклассные таланты, как Судзуки Миэкити, Морита Сохэй, Абэ Дзиро, Абэ Иосисигэ, Акутагава Рюноскэ... Как литературный критик Нацумэ Сосэки оказал поддержку многим начинающим писателям на страницах газеты «Асахи».

Весной 1906 года Сосэки написал небольшую повесть «Мальчуган». Она до сих пор очень популярна в Японии. «Мальчуган» (боттян) стал нарицательным словом для пылкого молодого человека, который всегда готов постоять за правду, не заботясь о последствиях. Осенью того же года писатель создал небольшую романтическую повесть «В дороге». Он развил в ней свое эстетическое учение о красоте, противопоставив его утилитарным идеалам своего времени. Все три его ранних произведения: «Ваш покорный слуга кот», «Мальчуган» и «В дороге» – резко отличаются друг от друга по своему жанру, содержанию и стилю, «Ваш покорный слуга кот» – сатирическая повесть, «Мальчуган» – бытовая, полная юмора реалистическая повесть, повесть «В дороге» написана в романтической манере. В позднейших произведениях Сосэки юмор и романтизм исчезают.

Роман «Сансиро» (собственное имя), написанный в 1908 году, – новая веха в творчестве Нацумэ. Писатель внимательно анализирует разъеденный рефлексией душевный мир современного японского интеллигента, неспособного к действию, изучает его, как врач больного. Но единственное, что может ему предложить писатель, – это точный диагноз болезни. «Его героем стал человек, – говорит академик Конрад в своем предисловии к роману «Сердце», – перед которым открылось многое, который знает много, серьезно и глубоко думает, но не знает, как ему жить... который стоит «у врат царства» и знает, что ему не открыть их, но в то же время не может отойти от них назад».

К психологическим романам этого типа, рисующим типичные образы интеллигентов, относятся также «Затем» (1909), «Врата» (1910) и «Сердце» (1914).

Нацумэ Сосэки долгие годы страдал от язвы желудка. Уже в повести «Ваш покорный слуга кот» он изображает себя тяжело больным человеком.

В 1910 году он чуть не погиб от внутреннего кровотечения. Сосэки говорит в своих воспоминаниях: «Передо мною то и дело появлялся образ Достоевского. В моем воображении отчетливо возникали холодное небо, новый эшафот и на этом эшафоте фигура Достоевского, дрожавшего в одной рубашке...» В эти дни, по словам Сосэки, он смог до конца постичь то, что пережил на эшафоте Достоевский: ужас смерти и радость возвращения к жизни. Сосэки любил Достоевского и ясно ощущал свою духовную близость к нему.

Results (English) 1:

In the story "yours truly" cat face ridicule and utilitarianism, and the Buddhist teachings on spiritual enlightenment ", hits and the old Confucian thought, given there are plenty examples and academic. In pursuit of a doctoral degree, which provides academic position and status in society, the young scientist spent days vytačivaet other words, glass balls, and poured from an empty mill. Theses are written on the cikadah (there is even a science-cikadologiâ), about the influence of ultraviolet radiation on electrical processes taking place in the eyeball frog, is about anything, just to get a doctor's diploma. Scientific report "povešen′â" is a parody of the Mechanics also prospering in the University. Natsume Soseki devotes the doktorskom diploma a few articles in which he opposed the false academic. It is for that matter he came into sharp conflict with University bosses and abandoned his post: unheard at the time the deed!Great place in the book is literary parody. Parodied mainly works by Romantics such as popular at the time, Izumi Kyoka (1873-1939). Mystic and science fiction stories, wrote kyōka in which another world intrudes into the real, and didn't notice it being done around; he crawled up from the crabs beneath the ice ".The Countess Kangècu composes a lengthy story in the spirit of the romantics. Friends as "Serapionovyh brothers" Hoffmann all the time interrupt his ironic comments. As the romance hero "did not like the action and intentionally avoided the city comfortable to ... He runs away in deserted forests and mountains, in a deserted village ... That is, she would be lonely, if it does not fit the College of ...In another burlesque story hero wanders in the desert mountains and encounters beauty, is a common romantic plot. Love lights up all of a sudden, I woke up the next morning and there happened an unhappy love... Alas, dreams are broken: beauty was bald!Natsume Soseki in his story works as a gravedigger of romanticism, but he himself and then continues to still write in a romantic manner. No wonder he says he has been fighting with himself.The story ends sadly: removing slag and dust, the writer does not know what can be built on the cleared site. Class limits prevented him to see the positive forces that could become the builders of the future society."Your humble servant cat" glorified the name of the author. Newspapers are eagerly looking for new, fresh talent. Natsume Sōseki entered the Tokyo's largest newspaper "Asahi"; He made such a step is not for profit: paid little, but thanks to a newspaper he was able to communicate with the reader. In the life of the writer was not a recluse, he draws his hero-teacher Kusâmi. Soseki loved young people. In his works he often painted images of young people in Japan. He had many pupils, young people willingly gathered on Thursday at the home of famous writer. Among his pupils were such top-notch talent, as Suzuki Mièkiti, Morita Sōhei, Jiro Abe, Abe Iosisigè, Ryūnosuke Akutagawa... As a literary critic of Natsume Soseki supported many budding writers in the newspaper "Asahi".In the spring of 1906, Soseki wrote a tale of "Boy". She is still very popular in Japan. "Boy" (Botchan) became a household name with the word for the passionate young man who is always ready to stand up for the truth, without worrying about the consequences. In the autumn of the same year the writer created a romantic story on the road. He developed their aesthetic teaching on beauty, pitting his utilitarian ideas of his time. All three of his early works: "yours truly the cat", "Boy" and "on the road"-drastically differ from each other on the genre, content and style of your humble servant, "cat" is a satirical short story, "the Boy is home, full of humor and realistic narrative, the story" on the road "is written in a romantic manner. In the later works of Soseki humor and romanticism to disappear.The novel "Sanshiro" (proper name), written in the year 1908, is a new milestone in the works of Natsume. The writer carefully analyzes eroded reflection soulful world of modern Japanese intelligentsia, unable to step, looking into it, as a doctor of a patient. But the only thing that can provide a writer, is an accurate diagnosis of the disease. "His hero was a man," said academician Conrad in his foreword to the novel "heart"-which was a lot, who knows a lot, seriously and deeply thinks, but does not know how to live ... who is "at the gates of the Kingdom" and knows that he cannot open them, but at the same time cannot depart from them back ".To psychological novels of this type, describing a typical images of intellectuals are also "next" (1909), "the gates" (1910) and "heart" (1914).Natsume Soseki for many years suffered from stomach ulcers. In the story "your humble servant cat" he portrays a seriously ill man.In 1910, he almost died from internal bleeding. Soseki said in his memoirs: "in front of me and then appeared the image of Dostoevsky. In my mind there were distinctly cold sky, a new scaffold and scaffold figure of Dostoevsky, drožavšego in one shirt. ... " These days, according to Soseki, he was able to comprehend that survived on the scaffold Dostoevsky: the horror of death and the joy of returning to life. Soseki loved Dostoyevsky and clearly sensed its closeness to him.

Results (English) 3:

In short stories "ridicule", kappa from your humble servant and utilitarianism, and Buddhist teachings about the spirit and "are from 3, P E from the scene of me", enter the old society and a Phi kappa from me. C from the energy-saving and academic and has had a kappa alpha PI albumose e, high school. In pursuit of a doctorate,It provides academic positions and social status, the young scientist's allus, for me all day long. The state has, in other words, glass beads, e p e le are me. E, from the empty body state.This paper is written about me. To a kappa (or even a pgfla were produced by a science -- me to a t. PI kappa me up), the process of UV on electricity in PI. 3 had a t m apple -- anything about the frog,Just want to get a doctor's degree. The scientist's report "mechanics were from PI. C, C and C are to me, to die for" has had a series of ridicule, are, by the State University, and energy-saving. A few articles to C, C, C kappa kappa M C m e to me are le Natsume Soseki input,He opposed the false school. It is conflict on the issue of sharp, he entered the University supervisor and abandoned their posts: at that time have never even heard of it it!

The book of the parody literature occupy a lot of space. The main ingredients are alpha, C to me, and, for the Romantics to elixir, such as popular at the same time the same kappa alpha kappa (1873 - 1939 He Quan). Mystery and science fiction author, kappa kappa. Write the story of the same,Invades an area of the other side of the world is real, and didn't seem to notice around this, made him from "crab; sitting at his desk below and you will pgfla.

scoffingly spirit. From 1 tse.png and kappa t long story write romantic.In the "C" in a society are studies. From the state of Hoffman by allus were studies. The die has been "the role of friend interrupted him all the time from me, from the scene of energy-saving has long slow to comment on me. For example, romantic hero "didn't like lively place, and avoid malicious comfortable city"...He ran in the desolate forests and mountains from their villages, in faith by 3 to society and their elixir elixir... And she will be desolate, if she is not a m e pgfla are out for their school...

in another funny story of the hero encounters a wanders through the desert and mountains in,- Common romantic storyline. Light: "my love suddenly woke up in the morning, and here happens to have poor love... Well, dreams go bald: beauty!

In his grave digger Natsume Soseki as novelette and romantic, but he wrote romance, continues the way. No wonder he said, first of all be fighting yourself.

The sad story: out of acne and waste slag, the writer does not know P. C has had a long scene from the M can be established in the same place. The limitation of the class, the influence he saw positive force,To become builders of the future society.

"has been the glory of your most humble servant," the name of the author from kappa. Newspapers eagerly seeking new, fresh talent. Natsume Soseki, a kappa in energy-saving and energy-saving in the army, participated in the "me". C. Were the biggest newspapers;In this step, he dare not to make money: pay a little, but he can through a large number of newspaper readers communication. In the life of a writer is not such a hermit, he painted his own hero -- and how teachers for me M C K.So I will for saw my very like young people. He often painted in the Japanese image in the works of young people. He has a lot of students, young people should be most willing to a famous writer on Thursday night at home.Among his disciples, so the first-class talents, Suzuki m x, K me me me, Morita C C were 1 in Andouble, East Andouble, increased me me me c t x, P had increased his elixir, 1...As many novice writer Natsume Soseki literary critic's support for the newspaper ". C. Were you in the spring of 1906. A little story

a" and "C for long and had increased greatly in kappa writing. So far, she's very popular in Japan."A long and for a society" (O, C, and Society) has become a young man's name are PI kappa allus make known to every family from von word, he is always willing to fight for truth, do not care about the consequences.The autumn of the same year the romantic fiction writers created a small "P" C to t E. He developed the utilitarian in her own aesthetic teaching of beauty of the ideal, are, from me, from the state are increased, and the state. In his own time.His early works: "all three", a series of kappa and long for a society, your humble servant, "and" sharp, "to a t e -- in different genres, content and style," is your servant, "-- from kappa crazy story"A long and a T by." -- from the household, the full story of humor in realistic novels, written to a t e "," romantic way. The disappearance of the novels "in later works in China increased greatly in the romantic and humorous kappa.

(your name), C C, C" from me.Written in 1908, had a new milepost. M and X -- creative. A careful analysis of the writers of the modern Japanese society, Pi Pi e me me t e, P E from pgfla etching by PI kappa Phi C in von loving world, from which customers are increased from the energy-saving from von action learning, he,The physician as patient. But he can only provide the accurate diagnosis of this disease -- the novelist, the. "He is a hero -- Conrad said to be a man, in its" preface "the heart",- before open a lot, who knows, serious and profound thought, but he does not know how to live... "Wu is a C alpha, energy-saving pgfla and I knew he didn't open them, but at the same time, they may not leave before

".This type of psychological, from a society. M, C and P in the typical image of energy-saving slow to intellectuals, including "3 pgfla," e mm (1909), "the state," pgfla studies. (1910) and "heart (1914).

Natsume Soseki suffering from stomach ulcers long the years.Already in your humble servant, a novella "kappa" he described his ill people.

in 1910, he nearly died of internal bleeding. In their memory C increased 1 kappa me said:"The person in front of me and the image of Dostoevsky's case. In my imagination clearly appear in the cold sky, the guillotine and the figure in a 1, alpha Phi C E, Dostoevsky's shirt, to, from, when von albumose pgfla state... "In these days, according to the C increased 1 kappa me,He can understand before the end of the surviving things: the fear of death and happiness. A, e, X Phi Dostoevsky Jef J Ki return to life. C increased 1 me like Toy Jef J Ki and Dostoevsky, clearly feel the spirit
close to him.