OverviewAddictive disorders, such a

Overview

Addictive disorders, such as substance abuse and dependence, are common disorders that involve the overuse of alcohol or drugs. Addiction develops over time and is a chronic and relapsing illness.
There are three different terms used to define substance-related addictive disorders:

Substance abuse
Substance abuse is an addictive disorder that describes a pattern of substance (usually drug or alcohol) use leading to significant problems or distress, such as failure to attend school, substance use in dangerous situations (eg, driving a car), substance-related legal problems or continued substance use that interferes with friendships and/or family relationships. Substance abuse, as a disorder, refers to the abuse of illegal substances or the abusive use of legal substances. Alcohol is the most common legal drug to be abused.

Substance dependence
Substance dependence is an addictive disorder that describes continued use of drugs or alcohol, even when significant problems related to their use have developed. Signs include an increased tolerance — that is, the need for increased amounts of the substance to attain the desired effect; withdrawal symptoms with decreased use; unsuccessful efforts to decrease use; increased time spent in activities to obtain the substance; withdrawal from social and recreational activities; and continued use of the substance even with awareness of the physical or psychological problems encountered by the extent of substance use.

Chemical dependence
Chemical dependence is also an addictive disorder that describes the compulsive use of chemicals (usually drugs or alcohol) and the inability to stop using them despite all the problems caused by their use.

The substances frequently abused, particularly by adolescents with addictive disorders, include, but are not limited to, the following:

Alcohol
Marijuana
Hallucinogens
Cocaine
Amphetamines
Opiates
Anabolic steroids
Inhalants
Methamphetamine
Tobacco
Symptoms

People with addictive disorders may experience symptoms differently. Some typical symptoms of addictive disorders may include:

Getting high on drugs or getting intoxicated (drunk) on a regular basis
Lying, especially about how much they are using or drinking
Avoiding friends and family members
Giving up activities they used to enjoy, such as sports or spending time with non-using friends
Talking a lot about using drugs or alcohol
Believing they need to use or drink in order to have fun
Pressuring others to use or drink
Getting in trouble with the law
Taking risks, such as sexual risks or driving under the influence of a substance
Suspension/expulsion from school or being fired from work for a substance-related incident
Missing school or work due to substance use
Depressed, hopeless or suicidal feelings
Causes

Addictive disorders are caused by multiple factors, including genetic vulnerability, environmental stressors, social pressures, individual personality characteristics and psychiatric problems.

From a neurological standpoint, addictive disorders arise when a substance changes the way the user’s brain feels pleasure. Addictive substances alter the brain’s ability to send and receive chemicals called neurotransmitters, which cause pleasure. The addictive substances can prevent nerves in the brain called neurons from receiving these pleasure chemicals, meaning the drug user relies on the drug, rather than his or her natural brain chemicals, for feelings of pleasure.

Most of the knowledge available regarding substance use and abuse comes from studying adult populations. A lack of research studying young adult substance use and abuse leaves questions concerning how it differs from substance abuse in other age groups unanswered.

Some adolescents are more at risk of developing addictive disorders, including adolescents with one or more of the following conditions present:

Children of substance abusers
Adolescents who are victims of physical, sexual or psychological abuse
Adolescents with mental health problems, especially depressed and suicidal teens
Physically disabled adolescents

Results (Thai) 3:

概述，如物质滥用和依赖，成瘾性障碍，是常见的疾病，涉及滥用酒精或药物。成瘾的发展随着时间的推移，是一种慢性复发性疾病。
有三种不同的术语来定义物质成瘾障碍：

物质滥用
物质滥用是一种成瘾性的障碍，描述了一种物质（通常是药物或酒精）使用导致重大问题或困扰，如未能参加学校，物质在危险的情况下使用（例如，驾驶汽车），物质相关的法律问题或持续物质的使用，干扰了友谊和/或家庭关系。物质滥用，作为一种障碍，是指滥用的非法物质或滥用法律物质滥用。酒精是被滥用的最常见的合法药物，物质依赖性是一种成瘾性的疾病，描述了持续使用药物或酒精，甚至当他们使用的重大问题已发展。迹象包括增加的宽容-这是，需要增加量的物质达到预期的效果；减少使用的戒断症状；不成功的努力，以减少使用；在活动中花费的时间增加，获得的物质；退出社会和娱乐活动；物质的使用范围内所遇到的物理或心理问题的认识，也有持续使用，即化学依赖，化学依赖也是一种成瘾性的疾病，它描述了强迫性使用的化学物质（通常是药物或酒精）和不能停止使用它们的使用所造成的所有问题。物质经常被滥用，尤其是青少年成瘾疾病，包括，但不限于，以下：

酒精
大麻
致幻剂
可卡因安非他明

鸦片
类固醇吸入剂

冰毒
烟草
症状

人成瘾疾病可能出现不同的症状。一些典型的成瘾性疾病的症状可能包括：越来越高的药物或中毒（醉酒）定期
撒谎，尤其是如何使用或饮用
避免的朋友和家庭成员
放弃他们以前享受的活动，如体育或花时间与非朋友利用
谈论使用药物或酒精
相信他们需要使用或饮料为了乐趣
迫使他人使用或喝