develop effective policies. Key political system features include thet translation - develop effective policies. Key political system features include thet Indonesian how to say

develop effective policies. Key pol

develop effective policies. Key political system features include the
territorial structure of the state – whether it is a unitary
(centralised) or a devolved (federal) state [12] – the level of
democracy (the degree of political pluralism and freedom), and the
role of the bureaucracy (in particular their degree of control over
the policy advice given to decision makers) [13,14].
It is also well established in social and political science that
decision-making processes involve tradeoffs between competing
interests and values [15] and, as such, analyses of policy making
must pay attention to the ways in which a given issue is politicised.
Even within a single sector (such as health), policy decisions can be
contested in numerous ways. All decisions will have implications
for sectoral budgets and priorities, and will imply certain
opportunity costs; but health policy issues are also likely to involve
social considerations beyond clinical outcomes alone - such as
questions of equity, justice, or morality – all of which can influence
decision making around any given body of health evidence [16].
different political systems shape the capacity of governments to
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develop effective policies. Key political system features include theterritorial structure of the state – whether it is a unitary(centralised) or a devolved (federal) state [12] – the level ofdemocracy (the degree of political pluralism and freedom), and therole of the bureaucracy (in particular their degree of control overthe policy advice given to decision makers) [13,14].It is also well established in social and political science thatdecision-making processes involve tradeoffs between competinginterests and values [15] and, as such, analyses of policy makingmust pay attention to the ways in which a given issue is politicised.Even within a single sector (such as health), policy decisions can becontested in numerous ways. All decisions will have implicationsfor sectoral budgets and priorities, and will imply certainopportunity costs; but health policy issues are also likely to involvesocial considerations beyond clinical outcomes alone - such asquestions of equity, justice, or morality – all of which can influencedecision making around any given body of health evidence [16].different political systems shape the capacity of governments to
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mengembangkan kebijakan yang efektif. Key fitur sistem politik meliputi
struktur teritorial negara - apakah itu adalah kesatuan
(terpusat) atau dilimpahkan (federal) negara [12] - tingkat
demokrasi (tingkat pluralisme politik dan kebebasan), dan
peran birokrasi (khususnya tingkat mereka kontrol atas
saran kebijakan yang diberikan kepada pengambil keputusan) [13,14].
Hal ini juga mapan dalam ilmu sosial dan politik yang
proses pengambilan keputusan melibatkan timbal balik antara bersaing
kepentingan dan nilai-nilai [15] dan, dengan demikian, analisis pengambilan kebijakan
harus memperhatikan cara-cara di mana suatu masalah dipolitisasi.
Bahkan di dalam sektor tunggal (seperti kesehatan), keputusan kebijakan dapat
diperebutkan dalam berbagai cara. Semua keputusan akan memiliki implikasi
untuk anggaran dan prioritas sektoral, dan akan menyiratkan tertentu
biaya peluang; tapi masalah kebijakan kesehatan juga cenderung melibatkan
pertimbangan sosial di luar hasil klinis saja - seperti
pertanyaan dari ekuitas, keadilan, atau moralitas - yang semuanya dapat mempengaruhi
. pengambilan keputusan di sekitar badan diberikan bukti kesehatan [16]
sistem politik yang berbeda membentuk kapasitas pemerintah untuk
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