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From the clarity of ideas to the validity of judgments: Kant's farewell to epistemic perfectionism.Against the standard interpretation of Kant’s ‘Copernican revolution’ as theprioritization of epistemology over ontology, I argue in this paper that hiscritique of traditional metaphysics must be seen as a farewell to theperfectionism on which early modern rationalist ontology and epistemologyare built. However, Kant does not simply replace ‘perfection’ with anotherfundamental concept of normativity. More radically, Kant realizes that it is notsimply ideas but only the relation of ideas that can be subject to norms, andthus he shifts the focus from the reality of ideas to the validity of judgments.Section 1 of this paper clarifies the pre-Kantian role of the concept of perfectionand examines Kant’s critical response to that concept. Section 2 identifiesKant’s point of departure from the Cartesian ‘way of ideas.’ Section 3 explainsthe key problem of his novel account of epistemic normativity. I conclude thatKant’s anti-perfectionism must be seen as the driving force behind his‘Copernican revolution’ in order to fully appreciate his mature account ofepistemic normativity
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