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Background
In singleton gestations, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P) has been shown
to reduce the rate of recurrent preterm birth. This study was undertaken to evaluate
whether 17P would reduce the rate of preterm birth in twin gestations.
Methods
We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 14 centers.
Healthy women with twin gestations were assigned to weekly intramuscular injections
of 250 mg of 17P or matching placebo, starting at 16 to 20 weeks of gestation
and ending at 35 weeks. The primary study outcome was delivery or fetal death before
35 weeks of gestation.
Results
Six hundred sixty-one women were randomly assigned to treatment. Baseline demographic
data were similar in the two study groups. Six women were lost to follow-
up; data from 655 were analyzed (325 in the 17P group and 330 in the placebo
group). Delivery or fetal death before 35 weeks occurred in 41.5% of pregnancies in
the 17P group and 37.3% of those in the placebo group (relative risk, 1.1; 95% confidence
interval [CI], 0.9 to 1.3). The rate of the prespecified composite outcome of
serious adverse fetal or neonatal events was 20.2% in the 17P group and 18.0% in
the placebo group (relative risk, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9 to 1.5). Side effects of the injections
were frequent in both groups, occurring in 65.9% and 64.4% of subjects, respectively
(P = 0.69), but were generally mild and limited to the injection site.
Conclusions
Treatment with 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate did not reduce the rate
of preterm birth in women with twin gestations. (ClinicalTrials.gov number,
NCT00099164.)
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