It also includes a number of instit

It also includes a number of institutions across the United States, including Harvard University, the Smithsonian and the Carnegie Institutions, and the Universities of Arizona, Chicago, Texas-Austin and Texas A&M University. It also involves Chile.
10:31
So, the making of the mirrors in this telescope is also fascinating in its own right. Take chunks of glass, melt them in a furnace that is itself rotating. This happens underneath the football stadium at the University of Arizona. It's tucked away under 52,000 seats. Nobody know it's happening. And there's essentially a rotating cauldron. The mirrors are cast and they're cooled very slowly, and then they're polished to an exquisite precision. And so, if you think about the precision of these mirrors, the bumps on the mirror, over the entire 27 feet, amount to less than one-millionth of an inch. So, can you visualize that? Ow!
11:15
(Laughter)
11:16
That's one five-thousandths of the width of one of my hairs, over this entire 27 feet. It's a spectacular achievement. It's what allows us to have the precision that we will have.
11:31
So, what does that precision buy us? So the GMT, if you can imagine -- if I were to hold up a coin, which I just happen to have, and I look at the face of that coin, I can see from here the writing on the coin; I can see the face on that coin. My guess that even in the front row, you can't see that. But if we were to turn the Giant Magellan Telescope, all 80-feet diameter that we see in this auditorium, and point it 200 miles away, if I were standing in São Paulo, we could resolve the face of this coin. That's the extraordinary resolution and power of this telescope. And if we were --
12:17
(Applause)
12:21
If an astronaut went up to the Moon, a quarter of a million miles away, and lit a candle -- a single candle -- then we would be able to detect it, using the GMT. Quite extraordinary.
12:36
This is a simulated image of a cluster in a nearby galaxy. "Nearby" is astronomical, it's all relative. It's tens of millions of light-years away. This is what this cluster would look like. So look at those four bright objects, and now lets compare it with a camera on the Hubble Space Telescope. You can see faint detail that starts to come through. And now finally -- and look how dramatic this is -- this is what the GMT will see. So, keep your eyes on those bright images again. This is what we see on one of the most powerful existing telescopes on the Earth, and this, again, what the GMT will see. Extraordinary precision.
13:17
So, where are we? We have now leveled the top of the mountaintop in Chile. We blasted that off. We've tested and polished the first mirror. We've cast the second and the third mirrors. And we're about to cast the fourth mirror. We had a series of reviews this year, international panels that came in and reviewed us, and said, "You're ready to go to construction." And so we plan on building this telescope with the first four mirrors. We want to get on the air quickly, and be taking science data -- what we astronomers call "first light," in 2021. And the full telescope will be finished in the middle of the next decade, with all seven mirrors.
13:57
So we're now poised to look back at the distant universe, the cosmic dawn. We'll be able to study other planets in exquisite detail.
14:07
But for me, one of the most exciting things about building the GMT is the opportunity to actually discover something that we don't know about -- that we can't even imagine at this point, something completely new. And my hope is that with the construction of this and other facilities, that many young women and men will be inspired to reach for the stars.
14:29
Thank you very much. Obrigado.
14:31
(Applause)
14:37
Bruno Giussani: Thank you, Wendy. Stay with me, because I have a question for you. You mentioned different facilities. So the Magellan Telescope is going up, but also ALMA and others in Chile and elsewhere, including in Hawaii. Is it about cooperation and complementarity, or about competition? I know there's competition in terms of funding, but what about the science?
14:59
Wendy Freedman: In terms of the science, they're very complementary. The telescopes that are in space, the telescopes on the ground, telescopes with different wavelength capability, telescopes even that are similar, but different instruments -- they will all look at different parts of the questions that we're asking. So when we discover other planets, we'll be able to test those observations, we'll be able to measure the atmospheres, be able to look in space with very high resolution. So, they're very complementary. You're right about the funding, we compete; but scientifically, it's very complementary.
15:30
BG: Wendy, thank you very much for coming to TEDGlobal.
15:32
WF: Thank you.

Results (English) 3:

它还包括一些在美国的机构，包括哈佛大学，史密森和卡耐基机构，和亚利桑那州大学，芝加哥，德克萨斯，德克萨斯&M大学奥斯丁。它还涉及到智利。

10:31所以，在望远镜的反射镜的制作是引人入胜的在自己的权利。取大块玻璃，在一个熔炉中熔化他们本身是旋转的。这是发生在亚利桑那大学足球场的下面。它藏在52000个座位下面。没有人知道它正在发生。在本质上是一个旋转的大锅。镜子是铸造的，它们被冷却得很慢，然后被打磨得很精致。因此，如果你考虑这些镜子的精度，镜子上的凸起，整个27英尺，不到一百万分之一英寸。所以，你能想象吗？自己的！
11:15
（笑声）
11:16
的千分之一五的我的一根头发的宽度，在这整个27英尺。这是一个惊人的成就。是什么让我们有，我们有精度。
11:31
所以，精度我们买什么？所以北京时间，如果你能想象到，如果我要拿起一枚硬币，我只会有一枚硬币，我看到了那枚硬币的面，我可以从这里看到硬币上的文字，我可以看到硬币上的面。我想即使在前排，你也看不到。但是如果我们把所有的巨型麦哲伦望远镜，直径80英尺，在观众席上看到我们，点200英里远，如果我站在ã圣保罗，我们可以解决这枚硬币的脸。这是非凡的分辨率和功率的望远镜。如果我们
12:17
——（掌声）
12:21
如果宇航员去月球，一季度有一百万英里远，并点燃了一根蜡烛——蜡烛——那么我们就能够发现它，用GMT
12:36
非同寻常。这是一个模拟图像的集群在附近的星系。”附近的“是天文数字，这是相对的。这是数以百万计的光年。这就是这个集群的样子。所以看看这四个明亮的物体，现在让我们把它与哈勃太空望远镜上的照相机进行比较。你可以看到微弱的细节，开始通过。现在终于-看看这是多么的戏剧性-这是什么，北京时间将看到。所以，继续你的眼睛对那些明亮的图像。这是我们在地球上看到的最强大的现有的望远镜之一，并且，这一点，也将看到。非凡的精度。
13:17
所以，我们在哪里？我们现在已经把智利山顶上。我们炸开了。我们已经测试和抛光的第一镜。我们投下了第三个镜子。我们将要投第四个镜子。我们有一系列的评论，在今年，国际面板，进来和审查我们，并说：“你准备好去建设”，所以我们计划在建设这架望远镜的前四个镜子。我们想快速地在空中快速地去，并且要用科学数据--我们天文学家所说的“第一光”，在2021。和完整的望远镜将在下一个十年中完成的，所有的七面镜子。
开始
所以我们现在准备去遥远的宇宙，宇宙的黎明。我们可以研究其他行星在精致的细节。
密切
但我，一个最令人兴奋的事情是建筑的时间是在北京时间的机会，实际上发现一些我们不知道的-我们甚至无法想象在这一点上，完全新的东西。我的希望是，这和其他设施的建设，许多年轻的男人和女人会得到启发去摘天上的星星。
14:29
非常感谢你。感谢。（掌声）


14:3114:37
节：谢谢你，温迪，布鲁诺。和我在一起，因为我有一个问题给你。你提到了不同的设施。所以麦哲伦望远镜正在上升，而且阿尔玛和其他在智利和其他地方，包括夏威夷。是关于合作和互补，还是竞争？我知道资金方面的竞争，但科学的问题是什么？
14时59分
温迪弗里德曼：在科学方面，他们是非常互补的。在太空中的望远镜，在地面上的望远镜，具有不同波长的望远镜，望远镜即使是相似的，但不同的仪器-他们会看在不同部分的问题，我们问。所以当我们发现其他行星时，我们就能检验这些观察结果，我们将能够测量大气，能够在太空中寻找高分辨率的空间。所以，他们是非常互补的。你的资金，对我们的竞争；而科学，这是非常互补的。
15:30
BG：温迪，非常感谢你来TEDGlobal。
15:32
工作流：谢谢你。