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Introduction to site planning & design
Once a new zoning scheme has been established, a process of new construction within or near
the intensive-use zones will likely begin. Typically, construction will be clustered in a few small
areas where most infrastructure is to be located. Generally referred to as visitor sites, where
most visitor use occurs, they are also where some very serious impacts may occur, which is why
they must be planned carefully.
Initial Visitor Site Planning Considerations
Handout 8.8 – Site Development Process
Usually visitor site planning takes place within the context of the preparation of a sustainable
tourism plan and after a zoning scheme for an area has been established. Site plans are
prepared as part of the sustainable tourism plan or as a subsequent step when more time and
funding are available. Visitor site designation is the result of the planning process, which analyzes
natural and cultural resources and attractions of the protected area, makes a determination about
the area’s ecotourism potential and then selects certain strategic sites for ecotourism
concentration based on their:
• inclusion of current and potential sustainable tourism attractions;
• accessibility;
• potential to concentrate visitor use with a minimum of impact; and/or
• history of previous use.
In most cases, it is advisable to use sites that have already received some human intervention in
order to avoid impacting intact sites.
The sustainable tourism plan may have already made recommendations about the type(s) of
infrastructure (e.g., trails, campgrounds, ecolodge, etc.) for the site, without being specific about
exact locations. The site planning process will now determine the exact locations of infrastructure,
taking into account the site’s ecological sensitivity and positioning the infrastructure from a visitor
management perspective (e.g., location of trails in relation to a campground or attraction). A
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