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Empirical Research on Sales of Controlling InterestsTwo empirical research studies reach conflicting conclusions about whethercontrolling interests in S corporations sell at a premium over otherwise comparableC corporations. One study concludes that S corporations sell at a premium of12 to 17 percent over otherwise comparable C corporations. The other study concludes that there generally is no difference in the prices at which controllinginterests in S corporations sell compared to their C corporation counterparts.In any case, the empirical research indicates that sales of controlling interestsin S corporations would sell at nowhere near the 67 percent premium implied bydoing nothing to tax affect the earnings (based on a 40 percent corporate tax rate).This research indicates that the lack of adjusting the discount rate to effectively taxaffect the earnings resulted in a substantial overvaluation in the Estate of Adams(acontrolling interest in the Korbel company), which was the only Tax Court caseinvolving a controlling interest in an S corporation.Erickson-Wang Study13In September 2002, Merle Erickson and Shiing-wu Wang published a study thatconcluded that the average S corporation sold for 12 to 17 percent more than acomparable C corporation.Erickson and Wang used 77 matched pairs of S corporation and C corporationstock sales. In a critique of the study, Alerding, Karam, and Chamberlain pointed outthat the implication of the study was that allsales of S corporations are stock sales,because the acquiring company can use the Section 338(h)(10) election to achieve a“stepped up” tax basis on the acquired assets. They say that, “In fact, most acquirersdo not want to purchase stock of another corporation because of the potential for liability assumption.”14They also had other criticisms of the study, and Erickson andWang offered explanations for their research methodology the following month.15The purpose of the Erickson and Wang study was to empirically quantify theincrease in selling price realized by sellers of entire companies in cases where thebuyer realizes a step-up in tax basis of the underlying assets when acquiring a “seasoned” S corporation (i.e., one that has been an S corporation since inception or forat least 10 years) compared with price paid for the stock of (a nearly identical) Ccorporation and the buyer only realizes carry-over tax basis. That step-up in taxbasis of the assets results in an increase in proceeds because the buyer will realizeincreased depreciation and amortization and lower income taxes in future years.16Mattson, Shannon, and Upton StudyIn November of 2002, Michael Mattson, Donald Shannon, and David Upton completed a comparative study of prices of sales of S corporations versus C corporations using the Pratt’s Statsdatabase. Even then, there were over 1,200 each of Sand C corporations in the database, making it a fertile ground for the largest studyto date on comparative prices.Their first analysis was on the entire data set which included both stock andasset sales. They broke the transactions into 17 size categories based on face valueof the transaction. They concluded that, “On an unadjusted basis, controlling only
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