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relationship between emotional expression skills and visionary behavior using asample of senior organizational leaders and a validated measure of nonverbalemotional skills, emotional expressivity (Riggio, 1989). Defined as basic nonverbalexpression of emotions through facial expressions, tone of voice and otherparalinguistic cues, and posture/body movements, emotional expressivity has beendescribed by many as an integral component of charisma (Riggio, 1992) and visionaryleadership (Sashkin, 1988; Bass, 2002). In a recent review of the research on emotionalexpressivity, Riggio and Riggio (2002) concluded that emotionally expressiveindividuals have the ability to establish subtle connections with others on an emotionallevel and transmit emotional messages that can affect the moods and emotional statesof others. Similarly, Gardner and Avolio (1998) argued that charismatic leaders usebody posture and gestures, speaking rate, smiles, eye contact, and touch to project apowerful and confident presence, and that such nonverbal displays may be utilized toelicit desired responses from followers. Based on the preceding discussion of leaderemotional expressivity and visionary leadership, the following hypothesis is presented:H1. Leader emotional expressivity skills will be positively related to followerratings of visionary leadership.
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